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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Biofilm Formation by Gram-Negative Bacteria during Implant-Associated Infection.

I V Babushkina1, A S Bondarenko2, V Yu Ulyanov2

  • 1Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saratov, Russia. 10051968@mail.ru.

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bacteria from orthopedic infections, including nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and enterobacteria, show a higher capacity for biofilm formation. Strains from sonication fluid were more prone to biofilm development than those from other sample types.

Keywords:
biofilmsgram-negative bacteriaimplant-associated infection

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Implant-associated infections pose a significant challenge in orthopedic trauma.
  • Biofilm formation by bacteria is a key factor in the persistence and treatment difficulty of these infections.
  • Understanding bacterial behavior in biomaterial environments is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the biofilm formation capacity of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and enterobacteria isolated from orthopedic implant-associated infections.
  • To investigate the kinetics of biofilm formation and dispersion in these bacterial groups.
  • To determine if the source of bacterial isolation (sonication fluid, aspirate, wound exudate) influences biofilm formation propensity.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and enterobacteria from patient biomaterials.
  • Quantification of biofilm formation capacity using standardized assays.
  • Monitoring biofilm formation kinetics over time (e.g., 48-h incubation).
  • Comparison of biofilm formation between strains from different sample sources (sonication fluid, aspirate, wound exudate) and reference strains.

Main Results:

  • Bacteria isolated from orthopedic implant-associated infections exhibited significantly higher biofilm formation capacity compared to reference strains.
  • Enterobacteria showed biofilm maturation and initial dispersion after 48-h incubation.
  • Nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria displayed a longer biofilm maturation phase.
  • Strains isolated from sonication fluid demonstrated a reliably higher propensity for biofilm formation than those from aspirate and wound exudate.

Conclusions:

  • Nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and enterobacteria from orthopedic infections are potent biofilm formers.
  • Bacterial biofilm formation kinetics differ between enterobacteria and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria.
  • The isolation method (sonication fluid) is associated with a higher bacterial capacity for biofilm formation in orthopedic infections, highlighting its clinical relevance.