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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
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[Chewing Screen and Interventions for Older Adults].

Shu-Hui Yeh1, Mu-Hsuan Pan2

  • 1PhD, RN, ANP, Professor, Institute of Long-term Care, Mackay Medical College, Taiwan, ROC. yehshuhui@mmc.edu.tw.

Hu Li Za Zhi the Journal of Nursing
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Many Taiwanese nursing home residents use nasogastric (NG) tubes, leading to malnutrition and health risks. This study offers practical guidance for caregivers to improve nutrition and swallowing care for elders with dysphagia, aiming to reduce NG tube use.

Keywords:
active agingchewing disordersdysphagialong-term care facilitiesolder adults

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nasogastric (NG) tube use is prevalent in Taiwanese nursing homes, affecting 43% of residents.
  • NG tubes are linked to malnutrition, hypoalbuminemia, and increased aspiration pneumonia risk.
  • Over 60% of long-term care residents have dysphagia, often relying on low-fiber liquid diets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess elders with chewing difficulties and dysphagia.
  • To provide functional food scales for nutrition classification, training, and care in active aging.
  • To equip caregivers with techniques for managing chewing and swallowing issues in elders.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of chewing difficulty and dysphagia in older adults.
  • Development of functional food scales for nutritional classification and training.
  • Guidance for long-term care caregivers on nutrition and swallowing interventions.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant lower body mass index and hypoalbuminemia in NG-tube-fed residents.
  • Highlighted the high prevalence of dysphagia and its nutritional consequences.
  • Emphasized the benefits of plant-based diets for gut health and reduced cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

  • Improving chewing and swallowing care can reduce NG tube dependency and aspiration pneumonia.
  • Functional food scales and caregiver training are crucial for enhancing nutrition and feeding satisfaction in elders.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches can promote active aging through appropriate nutrition and swallowing support.