Criterion A Scales: Convergent, Discriminant, and Structural Relationships
Gillian A McCabe1, Joshua R Oltmanns1, Thomas A Widiger1
1University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Assessment
|August 5, 2020
Summary
The study found that current measures of personality functioning (Criterion A) lack distinct validity, correlating more within themselves than across different measures. This suggests issues in assessing personality impairments.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychiatry
- Personality Disorders
Background:
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth edition-text revision (DSM-IV-TR) personality disorder categories have limitations.
- An alternative model, comprising Criterion A (personality functioning) and Criterion B (pathological traits), was developed to address these failings.
- Four measures for Criterion A impairments exist, but none have been comparatively studied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the convergent and discriminant validity of the four existing Criterion A measures.
- To examine the structural relationship between Criterion A measures and the Five-Factor Model (FFM).
Main Methods:
- Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used.
- Analyses included the four Criterion A measures and FFM scales.
Main Results:
- The Criterion A self-identity scale aligns with neuroticism in the FFM, suggesting it reflects maladaptive personality traits.
- Criterion A measures demonstrated poor discriminant validity, with higher correlations within measures than across different measures of the same construct.
- No substantial discriminant validity was found among the assessments of Criterion A impairments.
Conclusions:
- The findings question the conceptualization and assessment of Criterion A self and interpersonal impairments.
- The lack of discriminant validity among measures highlights potential issues in reliably measuring personality functioning.
- Further research is needed to refine the assessment tools for personality functioning within the alternative model.
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