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Image distortion, pupil coma, and relative illumination.

Tim P Johnson, Jose Sasian

    Applied Optics
    |August 5, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Image distortion and pupil coma significantly impact relative illumination in optical systems. Understanding these aberrations is crucial for accurate optical design, especially for wide-angle lenses.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Lens Design
    • Image Quality Assessment

    Background:

    • Relative illumination is a key metric for optical system performance, indicating light intensity across the field of view.
    • Image distortion and pupil aberrations, such as pupil coma, are known to influence relative illumination.
    • The relationship between image aberrations and pupil aberrations can be expressed using pupil magnification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the impact of image distortion and pupil coma on relative illumination in optical designs.
    • To establish a relationship between relative illumination, image distortion, pupil magnification, and field angle.
    • To investigate the behavior of pupil aberrations in front-stopped and rear-stopped optical systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Formulating the relationship between relative illumination, image distortion, pupil magnification, and object-space field angle.

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  • Applying the paraxial approximation of pupil coma to the Lagrange invariant for systems with image distortion.
  • Analyzing the effect of pupil coma on optical designs, particularly those with significant image distortion like fisheye lenses.

    • Main Results:

    • Relative illumination is demonstrably affected by image distortion, pupil coma, and pupil magnification.
    • Pupil coma can significantly alter relative illumination, especially in optical designs with substantial image distortion.
    • The Lagrange invariant remains valid for systems with image distortion when employing a paraxial approximation of pupil coma.

    Conclusions:

    • Pupil coma is a primary aberration influencing relative illumination, particularly in wide-angle lens designs.
    • A quantitative relationship exists between relative illumination, image distortion, pupil magnification, and field angle.
    • Understanding pupil aberrations is essential for optimizing relative illumination and overall image quality in optical systems.