[Perioperative stroke]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Cardiology
• Anesthesiology

Background:

• Perioperative stroke, occurring within 30 days of surgery, increases patient morbidity and mortality.
• Up to 11% of surgical patients experience stroke, with higher risks for those with prior ischemic events.
• Individualized blood pressure management is vital for maintaining cerebral perfusion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, and causes of perioperative stroke.
• To review preventive strategies for perioperative stroke, focusing on anesthesiologist relevance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on perioperative stroke epidemiology and risk factors.
• Analysis of preventive strategies applicable to anesthesiology practice.

Main Results:

• Perioperative stroke is a significant risk, particularly in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.
• Careful evaluation of surgical indications and timing is crucial for high-risk patients.
• Optimized, individualized blood pressure management is essential for cerebral perfusion.

Conclusions:

• Understanding perioperative stroke's epidemiology and risk factors is key for prevention.
• Anesthesiologists play a critical role in implementing preventive strategies.
• Proactive management of blood pressure and surgical timing can mitigate perioperative stroke risk.