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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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[Autoimmune liver diseases].

Hans-Peter Fischer1, Diane Goltz2

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Universität Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland. hans-peter.fischer@ukbonn.de.

Der Pathologe
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are diagnosed using clinical, serological, and histological findings. Liver biopsy is crucial for accurate diagnosis and guiding therapy.

Keywords:
AIHAutoimmune hepatitisHistologic findingsIgG4-related diseasesLiver biopsyOverlap syndromePBCPSCPrimary biliary cholangitisPrimary sclerosing cholangitis

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Autoimmune liver diseases are progressive idiopathic inflammatory conditions.
  • Distinct histological features characterize autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
  • Overlap syndromes present with mixed histomorphologic findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for autoimmune liver diseases.
  • To emphasize the role of liver biopsy in diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight how pathologists aid clinicians in therapeutic decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis integrates clinical presentation, liver enzyme patterns (hepatitic or cholestatic), immunoserology, and imaging (for PSC).
  • Liver biopsy serves as a facultative or obligatory diagnostic adjunct.
  • Histopathological analysis identifies key features like interface activity, plasma cell infiltration, bile duct lesions, and fibrosis patterns.

Main Results:

  • Specific histological patterns aid in differentiating AIH, PBC, and PSC.
  • Liver biopsy is essential for diagnosing AIH, small-duct PSC, AMA-negative PBC, IgG4-related diseases, and overlap syndromes.
  • Biopsy helps identify concurrent liver diseases, such as drug-induced liver injury.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases relies on a multimodal approach.
  • Pathological examination of liver biopsies is critical for precise diagnosis and effective treatment strategies.
  • Pathologists play a vital role in guiding clinical management of these complex conditions.