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[Air pollution: a determinant for COVID-19?]

Johannes C C M In 't Veen1,2, Jasper H Kappen1, Onno C P van Schayck3

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Preliminary findings suggest air pollution may worsen COVID-19 severity. Further research is needed to confirm this link and inform air quality legislation for public health protection.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Emerging data suggests a correlation between air pollution and severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Observations in China, Italy, the US, and the Netherlands align with this potential association.
  • High levels of fine particulate matter and ammonia in specific regions, like the Netherlands, coincide with severe outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential link between air pollution and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To investigate mechanisms by which air pollution may exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To highlight the need for further research and potential policy implications regarding air quality.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of preliminary data correlating COVID-19 severity with air pollution levels in affected regions.
  • Review of observational data from various geographical locations, including the Netherlands.
  • Exploration of potential biological mechanisms, such as the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data indicates a correlation between air pollution and COVID-19 severity in Wuhan, Northern Italy, the US, and the Netherlands.
  • Specific areas with high fine particulate matter and ammonia, linked to intensive livestock farming, experienced severe outbreaks.
  • A potential mechanism involves air pollution upregulating the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor, increasing host susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • The observed association between air pollution and COVID-19 severity warrants further investigation.
  • While causality is not yet established, the findings suggest air quality legislation is crucial.
  • If air pollution influences pandemic severity, stricter air quality regulations are pivotal for public health.