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Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Salivary dysfunction caused by medication usage.

O M Einhorn1, K Georgiou2, A Tompa3

  • 11Private Dental Office: Dr. Einhorn, 89 Medinat Hayehudim Street, Herzliya, Israel.

Physiology International
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many medications for chronic diseases can affect salivary gland function, causing issues like dry mouth or swelling. Dentists need to understand these drug side effects to manage oral health complications effectively.

Keywords:
hypersalivationhyposalivationmedication side effectssalivary glands dysfunctionxerostomia

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Dental Therapeutics

Background:

  • Many patients in dental settings receive medication for chronic conditions.
  • These medications can impact oral tissues, particularly salivary glands.
  • Understanding drug side effects is crucial for dental practitioners.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common drug classes affecting salivary gland function.
  • To highlight potential oral side effects of medications.
  • To inform dentists about drug-induced salivary gland disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of common drug classes.
  • Focus on psychoactive drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and antihistamines.
  • Analysis of drug-induced salivary gland dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Medications can cause xerostomia, hyposalivation, hypersalivation, and gland swelling.
  • Various drug categories are implicated in salivary gland dysfunction.
  • These effects can lead to further health complications.

Conclusions:

  • Dentists must be aware of medication side effects on salivary glands.
  • Knowledge of drug-induced salivary dysfunction aids patient care.
  • Managing these side effects is essential for oral health.