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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
Published on: August 12, 2011
Hypoxia-inducible factors and innate immunity in liver cancer
Vincent Wai-Hin Yuen1, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong1,2
1Department of Pathology and.
Abstract:
The liver has strong innate immunity to counteract pathogens from the gastrointestinal tract. During the development of liver cancer, which is typically driven by chronic inflammation, the composition and biological roles of the innate immune cells are extensively altered. Hypoxia is a common finding in all stages of liver cancer development. Hypoxia drives the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which act as central regulators to dampen the innate immunity of liver cancer. HIF signaling in innate immune cells and liver cancer cells together favors the recruitment and maintenance of pro-tumorigenic immune cells and the inhibition of anti-tumorigenic immune cells, promoting immune evasion. HIFs represent attractive therapeutic targets to inhibit the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and growth of liver cancer.
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