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Relationship Between the ABO Blood Group and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Susceptibility

Jiao Zhao1, Yan Yang2, Hanping Huang3

  • 1School of Medicine, The Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|August 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

People with blood group A may face higher COVID-19 infection risk, while blood group O may offer some protection. This study investigated the link between ABO blood groups and coronavirus disease 2019 susceptibility.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need to understand factors influencing disease susceptibility.
  • The ABO blood group system, a well-known human genetic trait, has been investigated for potential associations with various infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential association between ABO blood group phenotypes and susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To compare ABO blood group distributions in COVID-19 patients with those in a control population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis comparing ABO blood group frequencies.
  • Inclusion of 2173 confirmed COVID-19 patients.
  • Comparison with local control populations to determine statistical significance.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant association was observed between ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection risk.
  • Individuals with blood group A showed an increased risk of developing COVID-19.
  • Individuals with blood group O demonstrated a decreased risk of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that ABO blood group may be a contributing factor to COVID-19 susceptibility.
  • Blood group A is associated with higher risk, and blood group O with lower risk, warranting further investigation.
  • Understanding these genetic associations can inform public health strategies and personalized risk assessment for COVID-19.

Keywords:
ABO blood groupCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2coronavirusdisease susceptibility

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