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Development and validation of a universal blood donor genotyping platform: a multinational prospective study
Nicholas S Gleadall1,2, Barbera Veldhuisen3,4, Jeremy Gollub5
1Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Blood Advances
|August 5, 2020
Summary
A new DNA-based platform enables comprehensive blood antigen typing, significantly increasing compatible donor availability for patients. This technology facilitates precision blood matching, reducing adverse transfusion reactions and saving lives.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Blood transfusions are life-saving but can lead to sensitization against non-self-antigens.
- Current blood-matching practices have limitations in preventing adverse transfusion reactions.
- Reducing antigen sensitization is crucial for patient safety in transfusion medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe a universal donor typing platform for comprehensive blood antigen profiling.
- To facilitate a universal extended blood-matching policy and reduce sensitization rates.
- To demonstrate the utility of dense antigen-typing data for precision blood matching.
Main Methods:
- Development and validation of a DNA-based platform for simultaneous typing of red blood cell (RBC), human platelet (HPA), and human leukocyte (HLA) antigens.
- Testing on samples from 7927 European, 27 South Asian, 21 East Asian, and 9 African blood donors.
- Analysis of antibody data from patients sensitized with multiple RBC alloantibodies.
Main Results:
- High concordance with clinically validated typing for RBC (99.91%), HPA (99.97%), and HLA (99.03%) antigens.
- Genotyping expanded antigen typing results from 110,980 to over 1,200,000.
- Identified 2-6 times more compatible donors for patients with multiple RBC alloantibodies, finding matches for 176 individuals previously unmatchable.
Conclusions:
- The DNA-based platform offers a robust solution for comprehensive blood antigen typing.
- Genomics-based precision matching can significantly improve donor availability and reduce sensitization.
- This technology has the potential to be adopted globally by blood services to enhance transfusion safety.
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