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Review on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: Its outbreak and current status

Dalia Almaghaslah1, Geetha Kandasamy1, Mona Almanasef1

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Clinical Practice
|August 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by an RNA virus, has spread globally. Preventive measures are crucial as no vaccine is currently available for COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The first cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019/early 2020.
  • COVID-19 is caused by a diverse RNA virus, with over 1.2 million confirmed cases and 67,000 deaths reported globally by April 6, 2020.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a literature review on the coronavirus outbreak.
  • To summarize the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and disease control and management strategies for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of coronavirus outbreak.
  • Analysis of pathogenesis, transmission, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 pathogenesis involves precise replication in respiratory epithelial cells, leading to T-cell apoptosis and immune system collapse.
  • Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets; symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
  • Potential treatments include favilavir, chloroquine phosphate, and remdesivir, with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin showing promise in reducing viral load.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 transmits more rapidly than MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV but has a lower fatality rate.
  • The full global impact of the pandemic remains uncertain.
  • Preventive strategies are the primary defense against COVID-19 due to the absence of a vaccine.
Abstract

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