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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
297
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

281
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
281
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

167
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
167
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

174
AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
174
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

157
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
157
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

97
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
97

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Field Postmortem Rabies Rapid Immunochromatographic Diagnostic Test for Resource-Limited Settings with Further Molecular Applications
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Active Case Finding for Rheumatic Fever in an Endemic Country.

Emmy Okello1, Emma Ndagire1,2, Jenifer Atala1

  • 1Uganda Heart Institute Kampala Uganda.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|August 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is present in sub-Saharan Africa, challenging previous assumptions. This study in Uganda identified ARF cases, highlighting the need for better diagnostics and community awareness in rheumatic heart disease-endemic areas.

Keywords:
epidemiologypediatricsrheumatic heart disease

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a significant health burden in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is reported infrequently in the region.
  • This study presents the first prospective community-level ARF epidemiologic survey in Africa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To diagnose and characterize ARF at the community level in Lira, Uganda.
  • To inform the design of a larger epidemiologic survey for ARF incidence.
  • To explore the relationship between malaria and ARF in endemic regions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lira, Uganda.
  • Children aged 3-17 years presenting with fever, joint pain, suspected carditis, or chorea were enrolled.
  • ARF diagnoses were made using the 2015 Jones Criteria.

Main Results:

  • Over 6 months, 201 children participated; 51 (25%) had definite ARF and 11 (6%) had possible ARF.
  • A significant proportion had alternative diagnoses, including malaria (62 cases).
  • Two cases of rheumatic heart disease were identified without prior ARF evidence.

Conclusions:

  • ARF is present in RHD-endemic African communities, contrary to low reported rates.
  • Refined study designs are crucial for accurate ARF incidence capture.
  • Further research is needed on community sensitization, healthcare education, simplified diagnostics, and the malaria-ARF link.