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Flame-Retardant Polyamide Powder for Laser Sintering: Powder Characterization, Processing Behavior and Component

Kevin Schneider¹, Katrin Wudy², Dietmar Drummer¹

¹Institute of Polymer Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Am Weichselgarten 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

|August 6, 2020

Summary

This study introduces halogen-free phosphinate flame retardants to reduce the flammability of laser-sintered polyamide 12 (PA12) parts. Optimal performance was achieved with 15-20 wt% flame retardant, balancing safety and mechanical integrity for industrial applications.

Keywords:

flame-retardant polymer flammability polyamide 12 selective laser sintering

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Additive Manufacturing
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Laser-sintered components face limitations in aerospace and transport due to high flammability.
Incorporating flame retardants is crucial for expanding the application scope of these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of halogen-free phosphinate-based flame retardants on laser-sintered polyamide 12 (PA12).
To analyze the effects on process-relevant characteristics, process behavior, and mechanical/physical properties.
To establish the correlation between flame retardant content and material performance.

Main Methods:

Two types of phosphinate-based flame retardants were compounded with PA12 at concentrations of 10-25 wt%.
Analytical investigations included thermal, optical, and powder properties.
Mechanical characterization of the sintered specimens was performed.

Main Results:

The addition of phosphinate fillers significantly altered the process behavior and properties of PA12.
A concentration of 15-20 wt% flame retardant demonstrated the best balance between flame retardancy and mechanical properties.
The study successfully derived the relationship between flame retardants, processing, and final part characteristics.

Conclusions:

Halogen-free phosphinate flame retardants are effective in reducing the flammability of laser-sintered PA12.
A specific concentration range (15-20 wt%) is recommended for optimal material performance.
This research enables wider industrial adoption of laser-sintered components by addressing flammability concerns.