Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

5.7K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.7K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

133
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
133
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

106
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
106
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

567
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
567
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

9.7K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
9.7K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

8.5K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous vs precut for difficult biliary cannulation: Updated meta-analysis.

Endoscopy international open·2026
Same author

Comment on "Durable endoscopic gastrojejunal anastomosis using the double-lumen apposing metal stent septotomy technique: Feasibility study".

Endoscopy international open·2026
Same author

Trends and Characterization of Hospitalizations with Heart Failure in Italy Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Role and Characteristic of Multidisciplinarity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Management and Care Pathway Certification: Bottom-Up Approach of the MDT Project in Italy.

Oncology and therapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

5.8K

Optimizing Sequential Systemic Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Decision Analysis.

Giuseppe Cabibbo1, Ciro Celsa1,2, Marco Enea3

  • 1Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infant Care, Section of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.

Cancers
|August 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Lenvatinib followed by Nivolumab sequence offers the best risk/benefit for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, improving overall survival and net health benefit compared to other strategies.

Keywords:
hepatocellular carcinomasequential therapysurvivalsystemic therapytumor progression

More Related Videos

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.3K
Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization
09:49

Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization

Published on: December 2, 2013

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

5.8K
An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.3K
Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization
09:49

Dual-phase Cone-beam Computed Tomography to See, Reach, and Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Drug-eluting Beads Transarterial Chemo-embolization

Published on: December 2, 2013

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Decision Modeling
  • Pharmacoeconomics

Background:

  • Optimal sequential systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains undefined.
  • Novel systemic agents present complex treatment sequencing challenges.
  • Clinical trial data is crucial for guiding advanced HCC treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a decision model for identifying optimal risk/benefit sequential systemic therapy strategies in advanced HCC.
  • To compare fifteen distinct treatment sequences involving first- and second-line agents.
  • To evaluate life-year gained (LYG) and severe adverse events (SAEs) for each sequence.

Main Methods:

  • A Markov model simulated overall survival (OS) in advanced HCC patients.
  • Fifteen sequential treatment strategies were analyzed, including Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab (first-line), and Regorafenib, Cabozantinib, Ramucirumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab (second-line).
  • Life-year gained (LYG) and rates of severe adverse events (SAEs) were calculated; the incremental safety-effectiveness ratio (ISER) was used to assess net health benefit.

Main Results:

  • The Lenvatinib followed by Nivolumab sequence demonstrated the highest efficacy, yielding a median OS of 27 months and 0.75 LYG.
  • Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab followed by Nivolumab represented the safest sequence, with 40% SAEs.
  • The Lenvatinib/Nivolumab sequence showed a net health benefit in 52% of cases when compared to Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab/Nivolumab, as assessed by ISER.

Conclusions:

  • Lenvatinib followed by Nivolumab emerges as a highly effective sequential treatment for advanced HCC.
  • Further clinical trials and real-world studies are warranted to confirm the net health benefit of optimal sequential therapies.
  • Balancing efficacy and safety is critical when selecting sequential treatments for advanced HCC.