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Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...

Prodrugs

Prodrugs

Prodrugs are a class of pharmaceutical compounds that undergo a biotransformation process within the body to be converted into a pharmacologically active drug. Prodrugs are designed to improve the therapeutic properties of the parent drug, such as enhancing bioavailability, increasing stability, or reducing toxicity. The concept of prodrugs revolves around modifying the chemical structure of the original drug to make it more effective or convenient for administration.
Prodrugs help overcome...

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug Discovery: Overview

Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Advancing Pharm. D. Training in Egypt through a Structured Preceptor Development Program.

Toral C Patel¹, Jodie V Malhotra¹, Joseph J Saseen¹

¹Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 6, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A collaboration between Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt and University of Colorado developed a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) program. This initiative trained clinical pharmacists to become effective preceptors for international Doctor of Pharmacy students.

Keywords:

continuing education continuing professional development pharmacy education pharmacy practice change management pharmacy workforce development

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Area of Science:

Pharmacy Education
International Health
Clinical Pharmacy Practice

Background:

Children's Cancer Hospital of Egypt (CCHE) partnered with University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS) to offer a Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree.
CCHE clinical pharmacists had experience with baccalaureate students but required training for Pharm.D. students.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the preceptor development program for CCHE clinical pharmacists.
To outline the selection process for Pharm.D. preceptors within the CCHE Pharm.D. program.
To detail plans for ongoing preceptor development at CCHE.

Main Methods:

A live preceptor development program was delivered by SSPPS faculty to select CCHE clinical pharmacists in 2017.
Deliverables included individual preceptor development plans and experiential syllabi, evaluated by SSPPS faculty.
Participant assessment of learner case scenarios using IPPE and APPE tools informed preceptor selection.

Main Results:

Preceptor development plans and experiential syllabi were created and evaluated.
Participant performance on case scenarios and submitted documents determined selection as Pharm.D. preceptors.
The program successfully prepared CCHE pharmacists for Pharm.D. student preceptorship.

Conclusions:

The described preceptor development program effectively prepared clinical pharmacists for a Doctor of Pharmacy program.
A structured selection process using development plans, syllabi, and case assessments ensured preceptor quality.
Ongoing professional development is planned to sustain and enhance preceptor capabilities at CCHE.