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Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages
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X-ray tomography with multiple ultranarrow cone beams.

Katarzyna M Sowa, Paweł Korecki

    Optics Express
    |August 6, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel tomographic geometry using multiple confocal x-ray beams. This method expands the field of view for advanced imaging without compromising resolution.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and X-ray Physics
    • Medical Imaging
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • X-ray waveguides confine beams to nanoscale spots for imaging.
    • Ultranarrow cone beams from these devices limit the field of view and complicate tomography.
    • Existing multibeam techniques face challenges with sample translation and angular range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a new nonconventional tomographic geometry for expanded field of view imaging.
    • To overcome limitations of narrow cone beams in x-ray tomography.
    • To enable efficient volumetric imaging with enhanced phase-contrast capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing multiple confocal ultranarrow cone x-ray beams.
    • Implementing a novel tomographic geometry to increase the effective radiation cone angle.

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  • Employing simultaneous iterative reconstruction or a fast noniterative two-step approach for volumetric imaging.
  • Conducting a proof-of-principle experiment with polycapillary optics and a multi-pinhole mask.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved an effective radiation cone exceeding 10 degrees without resolution loss.
    • Enabled tomographic scans without field of view truncation or angular range limitations.
    • Demonstrated volumetric imaging capabilities using advanced reconstruction techniques.
    • Verified the geometry's suitability for phase-contrast tomography.

    Conclusions:

    • The new geometry significantly enhances the capabilities of x-ray tomography.
    • It offers a versatile approach for high-resolution, wide-field-of-view volumetric imaging.
    • The method is compatible with both laboratory and synchrotron polychromatic x-ray sources.