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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy
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Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

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High complexity femtosecond pulse duplicator.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a femtosecond pulse duplicator for two-source interferometry. The device creates two tunable, spatially separated pulses with adjustable delay, enabling precise optical experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Ultrafast Science
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Two-source interferometry requires precisely controlled optical pulses.
    • Generating multiple, time-delayed femtosecond pulses is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To theoretically and numerically investigate a novel femtosecond pulse duplicator.
    • To demonstrate its application in two-source interferometry.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a 0-π fan-out phase grating in the Fourier plane of a spatio-spectral pulse shaper.
    • Employing a spherical focusing lens to generate spatially separated pulses.
    • Performing detailed numerical simulations of the shaped electric field.

    Main Results:

    • The device functions as a high-complexity femtosecond pulse duplicator.
    • Two spatially separated intense spots are generated at the lens focus.
    • The relative delay between pulses is continuously tunable over four orders of magnitude (attoseconds to tens of femtoseconds).
    • Pulse intensity remains constant for delays shorter than the pulse duration due to non-spatial overlap.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed device is effective for generating tunable, non-overlapping femtosecond pulse pairs.
    • This technology is suitable for advanced two-source interferometry applications.
    • The ability to tune delays over a wide range enhances experimental flexibility.