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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Tuning the Contractility and Deformation Modes of Active Actin-Based Assemblies In Vitro: From Two-Dimensional Active Networks to Liquid Crystal Drops
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Relaxation in a phase-separating two-dimensional active matter system with alignment interaction.

Saikat Chakraborty1, Subir K Das1

  • 1Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|August 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computer simulations reveal how particle clusters form and evolve in active matter systems. Cluster growth and aging follow power-law dynamics, similar to passive systems, influenced by temperature and structure.

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Last Updated: Dec 13, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Active matter systems exhibit complex emergent behaviors.
  • Pattern formation is crucial for understanding phase separation dynamics.
  • Vicsek-like activity models particle alignment and self-propulsion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate pattern formation kinetics in 2D active matter.
  • Analyze morphology, growth, and aging of particle clusters.
  • Understand the influence of structure on system dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computer simulations for a 2D active matter model.
  • Incorporated Vicsek-like activity for particle alignment.
  • Applied Lennard-Jones potential for passive interactions.
  • Studied system evolution after quenching to phase coexistence.

Main Results:

  • Observed formation and evolution of particle-rich clusters.
  • Quantified cluster morphology, growth, and aging.
  • Demonstrated power-law time dependence for growth and aging.
  • Found similarities to scaling behavior in passive systems.
  • Analyzed effects of temperature on phase separation.

Conclusions:

  • Cluster dynamics in active matter exhibit power-law scaling.
  • Structure significantly impacts growth and aging processes.
  • Temperature plays a role in activity-mediated phase separation.