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Updated: Dec 13, 2025

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

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Published on: August 15, 2019

Ruminal volatile fatty acid absorption is affected by elevated ambient temperature.

Andrea Bedford¹, Linda Beckett¹, Laura Harthan²

¹Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.

Scientific Reports

|August 6, 2020

Summary

Heat stress alters volatile fatty acid (VFA) dynamics in cattle, affecting butyrate production and absorption. Elevated temperatures impact rumen VFA transport and metabolism gene expression, even with reduced feed intake.

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Ruminant Physiology
Environmental Stress Physiology

Background:

Heat stress is a significant challenge in livestock production, impacting animal health and productivity.
Ruminants rely on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced in the rumen for energy, and their absorption is crucial.
Understanding how environmental factors affect VFA metabolism is vital for improving animal welfare and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of short-term elevated ambient temperature on ruminal VFA dynamics.
To examine changes in rumen epithelium gene expression related to VFA transport and metabolism under heat stress.
To differentiate the effects of heat stress from those of reduced feed intake on VFA metabolism.

Main Methods:

Eight Holstein heifers were subjected to a repeated measures experiment with two temperature treatments (20°C and 30°C) and two feeding strategies (ad libitum and pair-fed).
Rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and rumen epithelium gene expression (BHD1, MCT4, NHE1, NHE2, NHE3) were analyzed.
Heat stress indicators were monitored to confirm treatment effects.

Main Results:

Elevated temperature significantly affected butyrate production and absorption, independent of feed intake.
Heat-stressed animals showed decreased butyrate absorption, while pair-fed animals exhibited increased absorption.
Feed intake influenced the expression of BHD1 and MCT4 genes, as well as all NHE genes, indicating adaptive responses in VFA transport and metabolism.

Conclusions:

Short-term heat stress induces significant shifts in ruminal VFA dynamics, particularly butyrate.
Rumen epithelium's capacity for VFA absorption and transport is altered by both heat stress and reduced feed intake.
These findings highlight the complex interplay between environmental temperature, feed intake, and VFA metabolism in ruminants.