Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
Published on: March 1, 2017
Business Owner-Managers' Job Autonomy and Job Satisfaction: Up, Down or No Change?
Sukanlaya Sawang1,2, Peter Joseph O'Connor2, Robbert A Kivits1,3
1Faculty of Business and Law, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
The current study developed a dynamic model which identified a pattern of change in small business owner-managers' job autonomy and job satisfaction separately through the trend analyses (linear, quadratic, and cubic trends). The current study then tested the associations between the growth models of job autonomy and job satisfaction. The study utilized data from an Australian sample over 9 years with a total sample of 1,044 self-employed individuals. In brief, the findings illustrate a curvilinear relationship (cubic and non-monotonic) between changes in job autonomy and job satisfaction. Further, the change rate of job satisfaction was faster among small business owner-managers who perceived greater fluctuation of job autonomy, compared to those who perceived lesser shifts in job autonomy.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Social Loafing
Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy is the need to feel in control of one's actions and decisions. For example, a student who chooses their research topic is likely to be more engaged and motivated than one who is...
Traits, Mood, and Subjective Wellbeing
Neuroticism and Emotional...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring
