The Frontal Sinus and Frontal Recess: Anatomical, Radiological and Surgical Concepts.

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Neurosurgery
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• The frontal sinus (FS) is anatomically complex, presenting challenges in surgical management.
• Variations in FS anatomy and its recess (FR) impact surgical approaches and outcomes.
• Diseases of the FS and FR range from benign conditions like chronic rhinosinusitis to malignant tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the anatomy, radiology, and surgical techniques for the frontal sinus and frontal recess.
• To highlight the importance of anatomical knowledge for managing FS and FR pathologies.
• To discuss endoscopic surgical approaches for FS and FR diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anatomical studies, radiological imaging, and surgical techniques for the frontal sinus and frontal recess.
• Analysis of endoscopic surgical approaches, including Draf's classification system.
• Synthesis of information on common benign and malignant pathologies affecting the FS and FR.

Main Results:

• The frontal recess is a critical narrow point requiring detailed anatomical understanding for endoscopic access.
• Common pathologies include chronic rhinosinusitis, mucoceles, osteomas, and malignant tumors.
• Advances in endoscopic techniques have enabled successful surgical management of most FS and FR diseases.

Conclusions:

• Successful surgical management of frontal sinus and frontal recess diseases relies on a deep understanding of anatomy and individualized technique selection.
• Appropriate surgical tools and expertise are essential for addressing both benign and malignant conditions.
• Endoscopic approaches offer effective treatment options for a wide spectrum of FS and FR pathologies.