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The Acceptability and Feasibility of a Preschool Intervention Targeting Motor, Social, and Emotional Development
Maeghan E James1, Chloe Bedard2, Emily Bremer1
1Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Insights
The Move 2 Smile program, targeting fundamental movement skills (FMS) and social-emotional learning (SEL), was found to be acceptable and feasible for children. While FMS showed no significant improvement, the program significantly enhanced social skills and emotion expressiveness in young children.
Area of Science:
- Child Development
- Pediatric Health
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Children face challenges in mental health, physical activity, and school readiness.
- Fundamental movement skills (FMS) and social-emotional learning (SEL) are crucial developmental domains linked to these challenges.
- Interventions integrating both FMS and SEL are currently underrepresented.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the "Move 2 Smile" program.
- To assess the program's impact on children's FMS and SEL.
- To gather feedback from parents and instructors on the program's effectiveness.
Main Methods:
- An exploratory pilot study with a within-subjects design was employed.
- Descriptive statistics analyzed program acceptability and feasibility.
- Paired sample t-tests assessed changes in FMS and SEL outcomes.
- Parent focus groups provided qualitative feedback post-intervention.
Main Results:
- The "Move 2 Smile" program demonstrated high acceptability and feasibility, with high ratings for enjoyment from children, parents, and instructors.
- The intervention showed a significant large effect on social skills (p=0.001) and emotion expressiveness (p=0.03).
- Non-significant small to medium effects were observed for FMS, emotion knowledge, and emotion regulation.
Conclusions:
- The "Move 2 Smile" program is a novel intervention intentionally integrating FMS and SEL.
- The program is deemed acceptable and feasible by children, parents, and instructors.
- Preliminary findings support further investigation, including randomized controlled trials, to validate the program's efficacy.
Abstract:
Background: Children and youth are facing three major challenges: (1) poor mental health, (2) physical inactivity, and (3) lack of school readiness. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) and social-emotional learning (SEL) are two developmental domains that are associated with each of these challenges. Currently, there is little focus on interventions that target both FMS and SEL. Thus, the purposes of this study were to: (1) examine the acceptability and feasibility of an FMS and SEL program (Move 2 Smile) and (2) assess the impact of Move 2 Smile on FMS and SEL in children. Methods: An exploratory, pilot study using a within-subjects design was conducted. Descriptive statistics were computed to assess the acceptability and feasibility of the Move 2 Smile program. Changes in FMS and SEL were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. A focus group was conducted with parents to gain feedback after the program ended. Results: Eleven children (four girls; M age = 50.56 months, SD = 8.63) participated, with families attending 80% of the sessions. The children and parents rated the enjoyment of the program 4.1/5 and 4.7/5, respectively. The instructor rated the children's perceived enjoyment 4.6/5 and feasibility of the sessions 4.7/5. Parents engaged in the FMS take-home activities once per week and the SEL activities three times per week. The intervention had a non-significant small to medium effect on FMS (d = 0.42, p = 0.19), a significant large effect on social skills (d = 1.38, p = 0.001) and emotion expressiveness (d = 0.79, p = 0.03), and a non-significant small to medium effect on emotion knowledge (d = 0.58, p = 0.10) and emotion regulation (d = 0.44, p = 0.17). The results from the focus group suggest that parents and children enjoyed the program and that the program was useful and effective at impacting FMS and SEL. Conclusions: This intervention is one of the first to intentionally target both FMS and SEL. Children, parents, and instructors deemed this program as acceptable and feasible. These preliminary findings warrant future evaluations of Move 2 Smile, including a randomized controlled trial.
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