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Endogenous GHB in Segmented Hair Part II: Intra-individual Variation for Exogenous Discrimination.

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Determining exogenous gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in hair is challenging due to natural GHB levels. Analyzing adjacent hair segments, rather than a single cut-off, may help distinguish drug-facilitated GHB exposure from endogenous GHB.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) presence complicates detecting exogenous GHB exposure.
  • Hair analysis is preferred for confirming GHB exposure in drug-facilitated crimes due to rapid metabolism in other matrices.
  • Lack of a consensus cut-off concentration for GHB in hair hinders interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate variations in endogenous GHB hair concentrations in a large population.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of establishing a cut-off concentration for endogenous GHB in human hair.
  • To explore alternative methods for differentiating exogenous GHB exposure from endogenous GHB.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a large population study with 214 donors to analyze endogenous GHB hair concentrations.
  • Examined inter- and intra-individual variations in GHB levels across hair samples.
  • Investigated the utility of adjacent hair segment concentration differences for GHB discrimination.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant inter-individual variation in endogenous GHB hair concentrations (<0.40 to 5.47 ng/mg).
  • Found minimal segment-to-segment variation along hair length (97.1% of adjacent differences within ±0.5 ng/mg).
  • Male donors exhibited greater intra-individual variation compared to female donors.

Conclusions:

  • An absolute cut-off concentration for endogenous GHB in hair is not feasible due to wide variations.
  • Analyzing differences between adjacent hair segments offers a potential strategy to differentiate single exogenous GHB exposure.
  • Further examination of segmented hair data using this approach is warranted to support forensic casework.