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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation
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Studying Organelle Dynamics in B Cells During Immune Synapse Formation

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Marginal Zone Formation Requires ACKR3 Expression on B Cells.

Egle Radice1, Rafet Ameti1, Serena Melgrati1

  • 1Università della Svizzera Italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Graduate School of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Cell Reports
|August 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) expression is vital for marginal zone (MZ) B cell development and spleen architecture. ACKR3-deficient B cells impair humoral responses, highlighting its crucial role in immune function.

Keywords:
ACKR3CXCR4CXCR5atypical chemokine receptorchemokineimmune responsemarginal zonemarginal zone B cellspleen

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Spleen Microarchitecture

Background:

  • The marginal zone (MZ) is a critical component of the spleen's organized microarchitecture.
  • B cells within the MZ (MZBs) play a key role in initiating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) in the development and function of MZ B cells.
  • To determine the importance of ACKR3 expression for MZ microarchitecture and humoral immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mouse models with ACKR3 deletion on B cells.
  • Adoptive transfer experiments using ACKR3-deficient and sufficient MZBs and follicular B cells (FoBs).
  • Assessment of spleen microarchitecture, MZB positioning, antigen delivery, and humoral responses.

Main Results:

  • ACKR3 expression defines two distinct populations of mouse MZBs.
  • Deletion of ACKR3 disrupts MZ structure, impairs MZB positioning, and reduces antigen delivery to follicles, thereby diminishing humoral responses.
  • ACKR3-sufficient MZBs can differentiate into ACKR3+ MZBs, but not vice versa.
  • ACKR3 expression on follicular B cells is crucial for MZ establishment and restoration of T-independent antigen responses.

Conclusions:

  • ACKR3 is essential for the development, positioning, and function of MZ B cells.
  • ACKR3 expression on B cells is critical for maintaining spleen microarchitecture and effective humoral immunity.
  • ACKR3 acts as a crucial factor in the B cell-intrinsic mechanisms governing MZ formation and immune surveillance.