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Exploring the Mediators that Promote Carotid Body Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Related Syndromes
Joana F Sacramento1, Kryspin Andrzejewski1,2, Bernardete F Melo1
1CEDOC (Chronic Disease Research Center), NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 7, 2020
Summary
Carotid bodies (CBs), crucial for sensing blood O2, CO2, and pH, are implicated in metabolic diseases. Reducing CB activity improves glucose homeostasis, highlighting their role in metabolic health.
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- Metabolic Regulation
- Chemoreception
Background:
- Carotid bodies (CBs) are peripheral chemoreceptors sensing blood O2, CO2, and pH.
- CBs regulate ventilation, metabolism, and inflammation.
- CB dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases like insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pathways linking CB deregulation to metabolic disease pathogenesis.
- To present new data on factors contributing to CB dysfunction in metabolic disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on CBs and metabolic diseases.
- Analysis of pre-clinical data and clinical findings.
- Discussion of the role of hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and inflammation.
Main Results:
- CB overactivation is observed in metabolic disease models and prediabetes.
- CB resection or ablation reverses diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, reducing CB activity, improves glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes patients.
Conclusions:
- CBs play a significant role in metabolic homeostasis.
- Hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and chronic inflammation contribute to CB dysfunction.
- Targeting CB activity offers a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.
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