Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies01:11

Buoyancy and Stability for Submerged and Floating Bodies

2.4K
In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...
2.4K
Curing Methods01:26

Curing Methods

207
Concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio are cured by oiling and moistening the forms before casting the concrete member. These forms can be left in place for a prolonged period to prevent moisture loss, and can be wetted if made of a material suitable for wetting. If the forms are removed early, the concrete member is moistened and covered with polythene sheets to maintain moisture. For large horizontal concrete surfaces exposed to dry weather, a temporary covering is suspended...
207
Accelerated Curing of Concrete01:25

Accelerated Curing of Concrete

361
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
361
Curing of Concrete01:20

Curing of Concrete

271
The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
271
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.7K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.7K
Buoyancy00:59

Buoyancy

12.0K
When an object is placed in a fluid, it either floats or sinks. All objects in a fluid experience a buoyant force. For example, a metal ball sinks, while a rubber ball floats. Similarly, a submarine can sink and float by adjusting its buoyancy.  The concept of buoyancy raises several interesting questions. For instance, where does this buoyant force come from? How much buoyant force is required to make an object sink or float? Do objects that sink get any support at all from the...
12.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Interfacial engineering of ultrahigh-performance sandwich-structured composites for multifunctional electromagnetic shielding, infrared stealth, and self-cleaning.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

High-Strength, Recyclable Multifunctional Elastomer with a Dynamic Covalent Supramolecular Network.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Tailored Prestretching Induced Supramolecular Reconfiguration for Constructing Ultrastrong Polyurethane-Urea Elastomers.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

CSDE1 in tumour immunology: spatiotemporal translational reprogramming and immune microenvironment remodeling.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Compatible Dynamically Wetting Electrolyte-Electrode Interface Design for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Hypertension and Fall Risk in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Frailty.

The Journal of cardiovascular nursing·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
09:06

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

7.6K

Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resin-Based Buoyancy Materials: Curing Kinetics and Properties.

Sizhu Yu1, Xiaodong Li1, Meishuai Zou1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

Polymers
|August 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a high-strength, low-density buoyancy material using N,N,N

Keywords:
buoyancy materialcuring kineticsepoxy resinnon-isothermal method

More Related Videos

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli
07:15

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

Published on: December 11, 2014

14.1K
Manufacturing of Three-dimensionally Microstructured Nanocomposites through Microfluidic Infiltration
14:24

Manufacturing of Three-dimensionally Microstructured Nanocomposites through Microfluidic Infiltration

Published on: March 12, 2014

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing
09:06

Evaluation of the Curing of Adhesive Systems by Rheological and Thermal Testing

Published on: July 3, 2020

7.6K
A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli
07:15

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

Published on: December 11, 2014

14.1K
Manufacturing of Three-dimensionally Microstructured Nanocomposites through Microfluidic Infiltration
14:24

Manufacturing of Three-dimensionally Microstructured Nanocomposites through Microfluidic Infiltration

Published on: March 12, 2014

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing advanced buoyancy materials is crucial for deep-sea exploration.
  • Epoxy resins offer tunable properties but require careful study of their curing behavior.
  • Incorporating fillers like hollow glass microspheres can modify material characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the curing kinetics of N,N,N',N'-tetraepoxypropyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane epoxy resin (AG-80) with m-xylylenediamine (m-XDA).
  • To synthesize and characterize novel buoyancy materials by compounding AG-80 epoxy resin with hollow glass microspheres (HGM).
  • To evaluate the performance of these composite materials for potential deep-sea applications.

Main Methods:

  • Non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to determine curing kinetics parameters.
  • Composite materials were prepared with varying volume fractions of hollow glass microspheres (HGM).
  • Density, compressive strength, and water absorption properties of the composites were experimentally characterized.

Main Results:

  • The curing reaction of the AG-80/m-XDA system followed the Jander equation (3D diffusion, n=1/2).
  • Apparent activation energy increased with conversion rates during the curing process.
  • A composite with 55 v% HGM exhibited a density of 0.668 g·cm⁻³, compressive strength of 107.07 MPa, and low water absorption (0.17%).

Conclusions:

  • The AG-80/m-XDA epoxy system exhibits predictable curing kinetics suitable for material synthesis.
  • The composite material incorporating 55 v% HGM demonstrates excellent properties for deep-sea buoyancy applications.
  • This novel material shows significant potential for use in demanding marine environments.