Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

958
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
958
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

1.2K
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
1.2K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

1.6K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.6K
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

503
Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
503
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

773
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
773
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.1K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intramuscular mitochondria transplantation ameliorates paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by restoring neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis and function.

Life sciences·2026
Same author

Letter to the Editor: "Subtarsal Capsulopalpebral Fascia Incision: A New Paradigm for Ectropion-Free Transcutaneous Lower Blepharoplasty".

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Regenerative Effect of Vaginal Injections of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Ovariectomized Rats.

Aesthetic plastic surgery·2025
Same author

OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Masseter Muscle Prominence: 6-Month Safety and Efficacy Results, Including Patient-Reported Outcomes, From a Phase 3, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multiregional Trial.

Aesthetic surgery journal·2025
Same author

Impact of Environmental and Seasonal Factors on Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum With and Without Pneumorrhachis.

The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences·2025
Same author

Enhancing diabetic foot wound healing with topical macrophage-regulating cream (ON101): a case series.

Journal of wound care·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management
03:53

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.7K

Combination Preemptive Peripheral Nerve Block in Limb Surgery. A Prospective Study.

I-Cheng Lu1,2,3, Shu-Hung Huang4,5, David Vi Lu3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|August 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preoperative peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) significantly reduce pain and improve recovery after orthopedic limb surgery. PNB also lowers the inflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) during the early recovery period.

Keywords:
limb surgerypain controlperipheral nerve block

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
03:26

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

3.3K
Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
04:34

Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2022

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management
03:53

Author Spotlight: Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) Surgery in Postamputation Pain Management

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.7K
Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain
03:26

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

3.3K
Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
04:34

Modified Spared Nerve Injury Surgery Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice

Published on: January 25, 2022

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery frequently experience moderate to severe pain post-operatively.
  • Effective pain management is crucial for optimal recovery in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a single-shot preoperative peripheral nerve block (PNB) on post-anesthesia recovery.
  • To assess the effect of PNB on interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following limb surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective randomized controlled study involving 60 patients scheduled for limb surgery.
  • Patients were randomized to receive either PNB or standard morphine analgesia.
  • Primary outcome was the peak Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score in the PACU; secondary outcomes included rescue analgesic use, wake-up time, and plasma IL-6 levels.

Main Results:

  • Preemptive PNB significantly reduced peak NRS pain scores in the PACU compared to the control group.
  • Patients receiving PNB required fewer rescue analgesics and had a faster wake-up time.
  • Plasma IL-6 levels showed a smaller increase at 2 hours post-incision in the PNB group.

Conclusions:

  • Preemptive PNB effectively attenuates IL-6 expression post-incision, indicating reduced inflammation.
  • PNB improves pain management and accelerates recovery in the PACU following limb surgery.
  • PNB is a valuable component of multimodal pain management strategies in orthopedic limb surgery.