Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts
Published on: February 24, 2015
Recent advances in alkaline earth metal-enabled syntheses of heterocyclic compounds
Ying Sun1, Mengqin Hu1, Shaomin Fu1
1Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China. chembliu@scu.edu.cn fsm09@aliyun.com.
Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds are widely distributed in natural products, pharmaceuticals and materials, thus drawing considerable attention from the synthetic communities. Generally, alkaline earth metals are earth-abundant and environmentally friendly compared to precious metals. To date, researchers have achieved great progress in utilization of alkaline earth metals in the syntheses of various heterocyclic compounds. Herein, this review will summarize recent advances in the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds enabled by alkaline earth metals, including magnesium, calcium and strontium. In addition, the summary is also presented.
More Related Videos
07:06A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
10:17Efficient Construction of Drug-like Bispirocyclic Scaffolds Via Organocatalytic Cycloadditions of α-Imino γ-Lactones and Alkylidene Pyrazolones
Published on: February 7, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Properties of Organometallic Compounds
Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Preparation of Alkynes: Dehydrohalogenation
Alkynes can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of vicinal or geminal dihalides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. The reaction proceeds with the loss of two equivalents of hydrogen halide (HX) via two successive E2 elimination reactions.
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.