Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

1.8K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
1.8K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

634
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
634
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

2.7K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.7K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

8.2K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.2K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

1.2K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
1.2K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

15.5K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
15.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vδ1 T-cell subset appears to be responsive to PD-1 blockade therapy and is associated with survival in melanoma.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

Nonuniversality of inflammaging across human populations.

Nature aging·2025
Same author

Peripheral Immune Profiles in Individuals at Genetic Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease.

Cells·2025
Same author

The Importance of Monitoring Antigen-Specific Memory B Cells, and How ImmunoSpot Assays Are Suitable for This Task.

Cells·2025
Same author

Immune Cell Distributions in the Blood of Healthy Individuals at High Genetic Risk of Parkinson's Disease.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Defining an Ageing-Related Pathology, Disease or Syndrome: International Consensus Statement.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2024
Same journal

The interaction between inflammation and estrogen in adenomyosis : from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

Seminars in immunopathology·2026
Same journal

The complex of gut microbial metabolites and sex hormones in Alzheimer's disease.

Seminars in immunopathology·2026
Same journal

Endometrial pathophysiology and pregnancy: from mechanism to intervention.

Seminars in immunopathology·2026
Same journal

Advances in understanding the dual roles of testicular immune responses: From immune privilege to inflammation.

Seminars in immunopathology·2026
Same journal

Climate change-associated heat extremes and immune dysregulation: emerging links with autoimmunity, allergy, and infectious diseases.

Seminars in immunopathology·2026
Same journal

The cancer-microbiome axis: Mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Seminars in immunopathology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

10.4K

The human immunosenescence phenotype: does it exist?

Graham Pawelec1,2

  • 1Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. graham.pawelec@uni-tuebingen.de.

Seminars in Immunopathology
|August 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunosenescence, the aging of the immune system, contributes to increased disease risk in older adults. Identifying reliable biomarkers is crucial for monitoring interventions and improving immune health.

More Related Videos

Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors
15:24

Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.6K
Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
10:31

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Published on: April 8, 2016

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models
09:54

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

10.4K
Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors
15:24

Testing Cancer Immunotherapeutics in a Humanized Mouse Model Bearing Human Tumors

Published on: December 16, 2022

3.6K
Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture
10:31

Lymphocyte Isolation from Human Skin for Phenotypic Analysis and Ex Vivo Cell Culture

Published on: April 8, 2016

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Immunology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Immunosenescence is linked to increased infectious disease, poorer vaccine response, cancer, and autoimmunity in aging populations.
  • Defining and demonstrating immunosenescence's role in adverse health outcomes remains challenging.
  • Monitoring interventions to restore immune function requires validated biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current availability of useful biomarkers for immunosenescence.
  • To discuss the requirements for clinically relevant biomarkers of immunosenescence.
  • To explore the role of 'omics' technologies in understanding individual immunosenescence trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immunosenescence biomarkers.
  • Discussion of the utility of 'omics' technologies in biomarker development.
  • Consideration of individual variability (gender, ethnicity, etc.) in immunosenescence.

Main Results:

  • The study questions the current possession of clinically useful immunosenescence biomarkers.
  • Highlights the need for biomarkers with robust correlations to clinical outcomes.
  • Emphasizes the potential of advanced 'omics' and personalized data.

Conclusions:

  • Currently, there is a lack of definitive, clinically useful biomarkers for immunosenescence.
  • Future biomarker development must integrate 'omics' data and account for individual differences.
  • Robust biomarkers are essential for effective interventions targeting immune aging.