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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Flail Chest-II01:26

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

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Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
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Using creative co-design to develop a decision support tool for people with malignant pleural effusion.

Cheryl Grindell1, Angela Tod2, Remi Bec3

  • 1CLAHRC YH, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK. c.grindell@nhs.net.

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
|August 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study co-produced a decision support tool prototype for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) management. The tool prioritizes patient needs and personal factors to guide treatment decisions, improving patient care.

Keywords:
Co-productionComplex intervention developmentCreative co-designDecision support toolMalignant pleural effusion

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Patient Care
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a serious condition common in lung, breast cancer, and mesothelioma patients.
  • Recurrent MPE significantly impairs quality of life, necessitating effective treatment decision-making.
  • Existing treatment options require careful consideration of multiple factors, posing challenges in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the clinical need for a decision support tool for malignant pleural effusion (MPE).
  • To report the co-production process of an initial prototype decision support tool.
  • To enhance shared decision-making for MPE treatment by incorporating patient priorities.

Main Methods:

  • Employed creative co-design methods with three UK-based pleural teams.
  • Utilized novel distributed methods, including local workshops and a national workshop, to overcome geographical and health barriers.
  • Involved clinicians, patients, and carers in developing patient timelines and personas for prototype development.

Main Results:

  • Patient priorities focused on understanding and managing MPE, rather than the broader cancer journey.
  • Visual and graphic information formats were preferred by patients.
  • Personal life factors, such as activity levels and support systems, heavily influenced treatment decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Creative co-design and distributed models effectively overcame traditional co-production barriers.
  • The project successfully developed a patient-facing decision support tool through collaboration between specialists and service users.
  • The co-produced tool is ready for implementation and evaluation, empowering patients in MPE treatment decisions.