[Acquired coagulation disorders].

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Coagulation Disorders

Background:

• Acquired coagulation inhibitors are a significant cause of severe bleeding disorders.
• Accurate and rapid diagnosis of these inhibitors is essential for patient management.
• Standard coagulation tests like APTT and PT can be normal in some acquired inhibitor disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe diagnostic methods for clinically significant acquired coagulation inhibitors.
• To address challenges in diagnosing specific disorders like lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) and acquired factor XIII deficiency.
• To highlight inhibitors that may be overlooked due to normal APTT and PT results.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing mixing tests for the diagnosis of acquired coagulation disorders.
• Investigating diagnostic approaches for disorders including acquired hemophilia, LAHPS, acquired factor XIII deficiency, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS).
• Focusing on five clinically significant acquired coagulation inhibitors.

Main Results:

• Mixing tests are valuable for diagnosing many acquired coagulation inhibitor disorders.
• Certain inhibitors, such as those in LAHPS, acquired factor XIII deficiency, and AvWS, present diagnostic challenges.
• These challenging cases may require specific diagnostic strategies beyond standard APTT and PT.

Conclusions:

• Effective diagnosis of acquired coagulation inhibitors requires awareness of specific challenging cases.
• The described diagnostic methods aid in identifying clinically significant acquired coagulation inhibitors.
• Improved diagnostic approaches are needed to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient care.