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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

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Basal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Emi Dika^1,2, Federica Scarfì^1,2, Manuela Ferracin³

¹Division of Dermatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|August 8, 2020

Summary

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) research is advancing, focusing on genetic factors and treatment resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as key players in understanding BCC biology and therapy resistance.

Keywords:

basal cell carcinoma genetic hedgehog pathway inhibitors microRNA sonidegib treatment vismodegib

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Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

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Published on: May 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human cancer globally.
BCC arises from complex interactions of environmental, genetic, and phenotypic factors.
Understanding BCC biology and treatment resistance remains a critical research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

To review BCC's histological and molecular characteristics.
To focus on the molecular underpinnings of systemic BCC therapies.
To explore microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in BCC and treatment resistance.

Main Methods:

Literature review of papers published in the last ten years.
Inclusion of studies on BCC genetic and phenotypic alterations.
Focus on mechanisms of resistance to hedgehog pathway inhibitors (vismodegib, sonidegib).

Main Results:

BCC development involves intricate genetic and environmental interactions.
Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are key systemic therapies for BCC.
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is increasingly implicated in BCC resistance.

Conclusions:

A deeper understanding of BCC molecular features is crucial.
Investigating miRNA involvement in treatment resistance is a promising new avenue.
Further research into BCC biology and resistance mechanisms is warranted for improved therapies.