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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
358
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
321
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

272
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
272
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

290
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
290
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

362
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology
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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology

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Characterizing Recurrence Following Hybrid Ablation in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

David C Kress1, Lynn Erickson2, Tadele W Mengesha2

  • 1Aurora Cardiovascular and Thoracic Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, WI.

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews
|August 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial flutter, not just atrial fibrillation, causes about half of recurrences after hybrid ablation procedures. Ensuring complete block at the mitral isthmus is crucial for preventing perimitral flutter.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationatrial fluttercatheter ablationhybridmitral isthmusrecurrencesurgical ablation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation recurrence is common after endocardial catheter ablation.
  • A hybrid epicardial-endocardial approach offers an alternative for AF treatment.
  • Recurrence patterns after hybrid ablation require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize arrhythmia recurrence following a hybrid epicardial-endocardial ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation.
  • To analyze the types and modes of recurrence after hybrid AF ablation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 108 patients with persistent AF undergoing hybrid ablation (catheter and surgical).
  • Assessment of recurrence via ambulatory monitoring and electrocardiogram analysis.
  • Electrophysiology study to confirm recurrence mode in patients undergoing repeat ablation.

Main Results:

  • Follow-up averaged 25 months.
  • Atrial flutter (53%) was the predominant recurrence type, followed by atrial fibrillation (47%).
  • Half of atrial flutter recurrences involved the mitral isthmus, often requiring repeat ablation.

Conclusions:

  • Atrial flutter constitutes approximately 50% of arrhythmia recurrences post-hybrid ablation.
  • Achieving bidirectional block at the mitral isthmus during the hybrid procedure is essential to prevent perimitral flutter recurrence.