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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

213
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
213
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

181
AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
181
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

286
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
286
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

313
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
313
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

127
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
127
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

831
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
831

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Multiple Bladder Calculi in an Incarcerated Genitourinary Prolapse.

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Multiple bladder stones can cause severe genitourinary prolapse requiring urgent surgery. Early imaging is crucial for diagnosing this rare but serious complication in women with pelvic organ prolapse.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Pelvic Health

Background:

  • Genitourinary prolapse is common in women, typically not requiring emergency care.
  • Acute bladder stone complications are rare but can lead to serious urological issues.

Observation:

  • A 65-year-old woman presented with irreducible urogenital prolapse.
  • She was diagnosed with multiple bladder calculi causing bilateral hydro-ureteronephrosis.

Findings:

  • Surgical intervention included suprapubic cystolithotomy, hysterectomy, and prolapse repair.
  • Multiple bladder stones can present as irreducible genitourinary prolapse.

Implications:

  • Imaging of the urinary tract is recommended for long-standing prolapse to detect stones and obstruction.
  • A multidisciplinary approach combining stone removal and pelvic organ repair is essential for effective management.