Late Arteriovenous Fistula After Partial Nephrectomy in Solitary Kidney

Arteriovenous fistula is a relatively frequent complication after partial nephrectomy. The timing of this complication is generally limited to the perioperative period. In this study, we describe a case of arteriovenous fistula after imperative right partial nephrectomy occurred 2 years after surgery. A 69 year-old man previously treated with left partial nephrectomy and concomitant right partial nephrectomy for synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma developed a right 5 cm arteriovenous fistula 2 years after the procedure. An arteriographic study of right renal vessel with concomitant embolization of the tributary artery branch was performed with the resolution of the fistula and preservation of renal function. Late arteriovenous fistula is a rare complication after partial nephrectomy that may occur in bleeding and affects renal function especially in solitary kidney. Radiological approach for its treatment is feasible in expert hands.