The hepatobiliary manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection

Liver abnormalities are common in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. These relate to 1) coincident exposure to hepatotropic viruses, 2) complications, either infectious, neoplastic, or iatrogenic, of the immunosuppressed state, or 3) nonspecific changes associated with chronic debilitating illness. We review the hepatobiliary manifestations of acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and discuss our approach to the clinical evaluation of these problems.