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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Assessment of Audio-Tactile Sensory Substitution Training in Participants with Profound Deafness Using the Event-Related Potential Technique
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Tactile Enumeration and Embodied Numerosity Among the Deaf.

Shachar Hochman1, Zahira Z Cohen1, Mattan S Ben-Shachar1

  • 1Department of Psychology and the Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

Cognitive Science
|August 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Deaf individuals show stronger embodied numerosity effects in tactile tasks due to extensive finger use in sign language. This visuo-manual experience influences their numerical cognition and may explain math achievement gaps.

Keywords:
Deaf cognitionEmbodied numerosityFinger countingNumerical cognitionSign languageTactile enumeration

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Finger representations are integral to cognitive numerosity and enumeration tasks.
  • Sign language utilizes fingers for communication, potentially shaping embodied numerical cognition in deaf individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of extensive visuo-manual experience and sign language on tactile enumeration in deaf individuals.
  • To compare embodied numerosity effects between deaf signers and normal-hearing (NH) participants.

Main Methods:

  • Four enumeration tasks were conducted: tactile enumeration (one and two hands), visual enumeration of finger signs, and visual enumeration of dots.
  • Participants included a profoundly deaf group (n=16) and a matched NH group (n=15).
  • Stimuli in the visual finger sign task varied in meaning (finger-counting, fingerspelled letters, neutral).

Main Results:

  • Deaf participants exhibited significantly stronger embodied effects in tactile enumeration compared to NH participants.
  • In visual enumeration of finger signs, deaf individuals showed an inhibition pattern when processing fingerspelled letters versus neutral stimuli.
  • These findings highlight the impact of visuo-manual experience and language on embodied numerical representations.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive visuo-manual experience and sign language profoundly influence embodied numerical representations in deaf individuals.
  • The observed effects may partially explain mathematical competency differences between deaf and NH populations.
  • Findings support contemporary models of mental numerical representation and finger-counting habits.