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All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the...
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The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are called reversible processes. It is only possible if the process is in quasi-static equilibrium, i.e., it takes place in infinitesimally small steps, and the system remains at equilibrium However, these are ideal processes and do not occur naturally. An ideal system undergoing a reversible process is always in thermodynamic equilibrium within...
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A chemical reaction is a process by which the bonds in the atoms of substances are rearranged to generate new substances. Matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction—the same type and number of atoms that make up the reactants are still present in the products. Merely, the rearrangement of chemical bonds produces new compounds.
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A balanced chemical equation provides the information of chemical formulas of the reactants and products involved in the chemical change. A reaction’s stoichiometry helps predict how much of the reactant is needed to produce the desired amount of product, or in some cases, how much product will be formed from a specific amount of the reactant.
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Light-Driven Chemical Reactions and Energy-Harnessing Devices in Photochemical Research
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Physico-chemical processes.

Xiaoxuan Yu1, Yao Tang2, Jian Pan3,4

  • 1China Construction Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen, China.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|August 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes 187 articles on physicochemical wastewater treatment processes. It covers physical methods like adsorption and chemical techniques such as advanced oxidation processes.

Keywords:
adsorptioncapacitive deionizationcoagulationflocculationflotationion exchangeoxidationwastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Wastewater treatment is crucial for environmental protection.
  • Physicochemical processes are vital for removing pollutants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research progress in physicochemical wastewater treatment.
  • To consolidate findings from 187 articles published in 2019.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 187 research articles.
  • Categorization into physical and chemical processes.
  • Analysis of sub-topics including adsorption, filtration, flotation, coagulation, advanced oxidation, electrochemical methods, capacitive deionization, and ion exchange.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements were observed in various physicochemical treatment methods.
  • Adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and electrochemical methods showed notable progress.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in 2019.

Conclusions:

  • Physicochemical processes offer diverse and effective solutions for wastewater treatment.
  • Continued research is essential to optimize these methods for sustainable water management.
  • This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.