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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
Published on: October 26, 2017
Analysis of epigenetic aging in vivo and in vitro: Factors controlling the speed and direction
Mieko Matsuyama1, Arne Søraas2, Sarah Yu1
1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Impact Statement:
Aging is associated with DNA methylation (DNAm) changes. Recent advancement of the whole-genome DNAm analysis technology allowed scientists to develop DNAm-based age estimators. A majority of these estimators use DNAm data from a single tissue type such as blood. In 2013, a multi-tissue age estimator using DNAm pattern of 353 CpGs was developed by Steve Horvath. This estimator was named "epigenetic clock", and the improved version using DNAm pattern of 391 CpGs was developed in 2018. The estimated age by epigenetic clock is named DNAmAge. DNAmAge can be used as a biomarker of aging predicting the risk of age-associated diseases and mortality. Although the DNAm-based age estimators were developed, the mechanism of epigenetic aging is still enigmatic. The biological significance of epigenetic aging is not well understood, either. This minireview discusses the current understanding of the mechanism of epigenetic aging and the future direction of aging research.
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