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Positive Regulator Molecules

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.

Positive Regulator Molecules

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...

Anaphase Promoting Complex

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...

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Functional characterization of CDK10 and cyclin M truncated variants causing severe developmental disorders.

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine·2021

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

Cyclin-dependent kinases and rare developmental disorders.

¹Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université / CNRS, Roscoff, France. colas@sb-roscoff.fr.

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

|August 9, 2020

Summary

Mutations in cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins cause human developmental disorders, revealing new protein functions. Human genetics combined with network analysis can uncover pathogenic mechanisms.

Keywords:

CDKs Cyclins Developmental disorders Interaction profiling Regulatory networks

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Last Updated: Dec 12, 2025

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Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells NPCs

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Published on: March 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Human Genetics

Background:

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners are crucial for numerous molecular and cellular processes during development.
Mutations in CDKs or cyclins are linked to various rare human developmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on mutations in CDKs and cyclins and their consequences in human developmental disorders.
To highlight novel CDK and cyclin functions revealed by their association with human diseases.
To discuss the limitations of mouse models and the utility of human genetics and network analysis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on CDK/cyclin mutations and developmental disorders.
Analysis of functional consequences of mutations.
Integration of human genetics with proteome-scale interaction databases to construct regulatory networks.

Main Results:

Mutations in CDKs and cyclins contribute to human developmental disorders.
Human disorders have unveiled previously unknown CDK and cyclin functions.
Mouse models have limitations in revealing certain CDK/cyclin functions.

Conclusions:

Human genetics and network analysis are powerful tools for understanding CDK/cyclin regulatory networks.
Profiling pathogenic variants using these networks can elucidate protein function and disease mechanisms.