Cannabis and the Gastrointestinal Tract

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology and Hepatology
• Pharmacology
• Immunology

Background:

• Cannabis has a long history of medicinal use, acting on cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2.
• These receptors play a role in modulating inflammation and repair processes within the gastrointestinal system.
• Emerging research highlights the potential medical applications of cannabis in gastrointestinal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the role of cannabis consumption in the gastrointestinal system.
• To review the impact of cannabis on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Main Methods:

• Review of recent findings on cannabinoid receptors, ligands, and enzymes in GI function and disorders.
• Analysis of cannabis's effects on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and potential adverse events.
• Examination of the endocannabinoid system's (ECS) role in gut homeostasis and inflammatory responses.

Main Results:

• Cannabis consumption may reduce inflammation in IBD, decreasing the need for other medications.
• Over-activation of cannabinoid receptors can alter gut flora, potentially impacting disease severity.
• Cannabis use may help reduce liver inflammation associated with NAFLD and NASH.

Conclusions:

• Limited evidence exists for cannabis efficacy and safety in IBD, IBS, and NAFLD.
• Randomized controlled studies are essential to validate therapeutic potential.
• Continuous patient monitoring is necessary due to risks of drug use disorders with long-term cannabis use.