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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
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Cell competition controls differentiation in mouse embryos and stem cells.

Masakazu Hashimoto1, Hiroshi Sasaki1

  • 1Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|August 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cell competition eliminates weaker cells during development, ensuring tissue health. This process corrects errors from cell differentiation and proliferation, vital for healthy tissue formation in mammals.

Keywords:
Cell competitionEpiblastEpidermal stem cellsMouse embryoQuality control

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell competition is a mechanism where cells assess fitness and eliminate less fit neighbors.
  • Its role in mammalian development has been unclear.
  • Suboptimal cells arise during early embryonic development and stem cell proliferation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of cell competition in mammalian development.
  • To understand how cell competition ensures tissue quality during development.

Main Methods:

  • Studies on mouse embryonic epiblast and skin tissues.
  • Analysis of cell differentiation and stem cell proliferation dynamics.
  • Investigation of intercellular communication mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Cell competition occurs at multiple developmental stages in mammals.
  • It eliminates suboptimal cells generated during differentiation and proliferation.
  • This process is crucial for overcoming cellular heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Cell competition acts as a quality control mechanism during mammalian development.
  • It ensures the formation and maintenance of healthy tissues by removing low-fitness cells.
  • Understanding cell competition is key to understanding developmental processes.