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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors
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Inkjet Printing Humidity Sensing Pattern Based on Self-Organizing Polystyrene Spheres.

Valeriia O Neterebskaia1, Anna O Goncharenko1, Sofia M Morozova1

  • 1Inkjet printing group, International Institute "Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies" (SCAMT), ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 9, 2020
PubMed
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Researchers developed high-resolution photonic patterns using inkjet printing of polystyrene spheres in chitosan hydrogels. These patterns create encrypted images visible in high humidity, suitable for sensors and anticounterfeiting applications.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optics

Background:

  • Inkjet printing offers precise fabrication of micro/nanostructures.
  • Chitosan hydrogels are biocompatible and responsive to environmental stimuli.
  • Polystyrene spheres (PSS) can form photonic crystals with tunable optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop photonic patterns using inkjet-printed PSS in chitosan hydrogels.
  • To create high-resolution encrypted images with humidity-dependent visibility.
  • To explore applications in humidity sensing and anticounterfeiting.

Main Methods:

  • Inkjet printing of PSS-based colloidal inks with optimized rheological properties.
  • Investigation of printing parameters (e.g., PSS concentration, drop spacing, temperature).
Keywords:
chitosan hydrogelinkjet printingphotonic coatingsphotonic crystalpolystyrene spheres

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  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical response analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved optimal PSS self-organization for photonic crystals at specific parameters (0.4% wt% carboxylic groups, 50 μm drop spacing, 25 °C).
    • Fabricated high-resolution microstructures (21 μm diameter) on silicon and glass substrates.
    • Demonstrated reversible changes in photonic crystal diffraction lattice via hydrogel swelling, enabling quick optical response.

    Conclusions:

    • Inkjet printing enables the creation of humidity-responsive photonic patterns.
    • The developed system shows potential for high-resolution humidity sensors and anticounterfeiting coatings.
    • The method is simple, fast, and produces high-resolution patterns.