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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Exosomes: Progress and Challenges.

Matthew H Forsberg1, John A Kink2,3, Peiman Hematti2,3

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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their exosomes show promise for treating diseases like acute radiation syndrome due to their immune-modulating effects. This review explores their therapeutic potential and mechanisms for various conditions.

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MSCsacute radiation syndromeexosomesextracellular vesiclesmacrophages

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cellular Therapy
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) possess significant immunomodulatory properties, leading to their use in treating various human diseases.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, produced by MSCs play a crucial role in mediating therapeutic effects by transferring bioactive molecules to recipient cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of MSCs as a therapeutic agent.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of action of MSC-derived exosomes and their differentiation from other EVs.
  • To discuss the potential of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes in treating acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and other conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing the current understanding of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes.
  • Discussion of existing treatment paradigms for ARS.
  • Exploration of MSC-exosome applications in graft-versus-host disease and cardiovascular disease/stroke.

Main Results:

  • MSCs and their exosomes exhibit potent immunomodulatory and regenerative capacities.
  • MSC-derived exosomes are effective in modulating recipient cell behavior and show therapeutic potential for ARS.
  • Evidence suggests MSC-exosomes are viable treatment options for radiation exposure and other inflammatory and degenerative conditions.

Conclusions:

  • MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes represent a promising cell-based therapy with broad applications in managing radiation injury and other diseases.
  • Further research into MSC-exosome deployment is warranted, especially for large-scale radiation exposure events.
  • The immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of MSC-exosomes highlights their significance in future therapeutic strategies.