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Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons

Annalisa Capuano1, Francesco Rossi1, Giuseppe Paolisso2

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, Campania Region, Naples, Italy.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|August 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

High Covid-19 mortality may link to cardiovascular issues and sex differences. This study explores immune, hormonal, and lifestyle factors contributing to worse outcomes in males, needing further research.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • High mortality in Covid-19 patients is a concern.
  • Unrecognized pulmonary embolism, thrombosis, and cardiovascular diseases may contribute to mortality.
  • Covid-19 appears to have a higher mortality rate in males than females.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze potential factors underlying the observed sex difference in Covid-19 mortality.
  • To investigate the roles of the immune system, sex hormones, coagulation, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, and lifestyle habits.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing data.
  • Exploration of immunological and physiological mechanisms.
  • Consideration of epidemiological factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Main Results:

  • Sex differences in immune system activity and hormonal modulation may influence Covid-19 outcomes.
  • Coagulation patterns and pre-existing cardiovascular conditions could exacerbate disease severity in males.
  • Lifestyle factors like smoking and drinking habits may contribute to sex-based disparities.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to fully understand the impact of sex differences on Covid-19 prevalence, outcomes, and treatment responses.
  • Investigating these factors can inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies for Covid-19.

Keywords:
Covid-19cardiovascular diseasescoagulation patterngender differenceimmune systemmortalitysex hormonessmoking habit

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