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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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CDKN2B-AS1: An Indispensable Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Diseases.

Chaoying Song1, Yuying Qi1, Jiali Zhang1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|August 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 (CDKN2B-AS1) plays a role in numerous diseases. This review summarizes its functions and potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker.

Keywords:
CDKN2B-AS1LncRNAsmalignanciesnon-malignant diseasesprognosis biomarkertumor

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in human diseases.
  • The lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 has demonstrated involvement in various pathophysiological processes.
  • Understanding CDKN2B-AS1's function is crucial for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of CDKN2B-AS1.
  • To explore the clinical significance of CDKN2B-AS1 in diverse diseases.
  • To evaluate CDKN2B-AS1's potential as a therapeutic and prognostic target.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect.
  • Analysis of existing studies on CDKN2B-AS1's biological functions and mechanisms.
  • Review of CDKN2B-AS1 expression and its correlation with disease progression.

Main Results:

  • CDKN2B-AS1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, including liver, gastric, lung, and breast cancers.
  • It influences tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis.
  • CDKN2B-AS1 is implicated in non-malignant conditions like fibrosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, affecting metabolism and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • CDKN2B-AS1 exhibits significant roles in both malignant and non-malignant diseases.
  • Its dysregulation highlights its involvement in critical biological processes.
  • CDKN2B-AS1 represents a promising biomarker for prognosis and a potential therapeutic target.