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Impact of relative systemic hypertension on the heart in sickle cell anaemia

Opeyemi O Oni1, Adewole A Adebiyi2, Akinyemi Aje2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Indian Heart Journal
|August 10, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients with relative systemic hypertension (RSH) show distinct ECG and echocardiography findings. Right atrial area was the primary determinant of RSH in this SCA cohort.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hematology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is linked to macrovascular issues, leading to the concept of relative systemic hypertension (RSH).
  • Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) findings in SCA patients with RSH are not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) characteristics of patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and relative systemic hypertension (RSH).

Main Methods:

  • Consecutive recruitment of 83 steady-state SCA patients.
  • Data collection included medical history, physical examination, ECG, and ECHO.
  • Prevalence of RSH was determined, and patient groups were compared.

Main Results:

  • 18.1% of SCA patients (15 individuals) exhibited RSH.
  • RSH group showed higher packed cell volume (PCV), longer QTc interval, smaller right atrial area, and lower tricuspid regurgitant velocities.
  • Right atrial area was identified as the sole significant predictor of RSH.

Conclusions:

  • Relative systemic hypertension (RSH) in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is associated with specific echocardiographic and ECG findings, including smaller right atrial area and longer QTc.
  • Ventricular function remained normal in both RSH and non-RSH groups.
  • Further research into sympathetic nervous system activity in SCA patients with RSH is warranted.

Keywords:
Corrected QT intervalRelative systemic hypertensionSickle cell anaemia

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