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Updated: Dec 12, 2025

In Vivo Imaging Systems IVIS Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
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Nivolumab-induced seronegative encephalitis

Gonçalo Cabral1, Filipa Ladeira2, Nuno Gil3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.

Journal of Neuroimmunology
|August 10, 2020
PubMed

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a new therapeutic tool for numerous types of cancer. Neurological complications have been reported in 1% of patients who have undergone checkpoint inhibition therapy. ICIs-induced encephalitides occur in 0.1-0.2% of patients within weeks after ICIs initiation; are usually seronegative and have nonspecific changes on imaging, CSF and electroencephalogram (EEG) studies. Early recognition and prompt treatment are important to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of nivolumab-induced encephalitis with very subtle clinical symptoms and full recovery following ICIs suspension and steroids.

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