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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy
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Evolving models for assembling and shaping clathrin-coated pits.

Zhiming Chen1, Sandra L Schmid1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|August 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis involves clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) and adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes. New models reveal dynamic protein interactions driving clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) forms clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) from clathrin-coated pits (CCPs).
  • Adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes initiate clathrin assembly on the plasma membrane.
  • Endocytic accessory proteins collaborate with clathrin and AP2 in CCV formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular events in CCP initiation, stabilization, and curvature generation.
  • To integrate recent evidence into a dynamic model of CCV formation.
  • To propose new approaches for testing emerging models of endocytosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing biochemical and structural studies.
  • Analysis of recent cell perturbation data.
  • Integration of correlative light and EM tomography, live-cell imaging, and modeling.
  • High-resolution structural analyses.

Main Results:

  • Recent evidence reveals greater complexity and promiscuity in protein interactions during CCP maturation than previously thought.
  • Prevailing models of CCP formation are being updated.
  • A more dynamic and flexible model for CCV formation is proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Redundant, dynamic, and competing protein interactions drive endocytic CCV formation.
  • New models emphasize flexibility in protein interactions for CCP maturation.
  • Further research is needed to test emerging models of endocytosis.